0:03 Hello, the Council is on the air. Let’s
0:06 >> You know, there’s some curious agitation
0:10 going on in Europe lately. They’re
0:13 arguing there about who exactly will
0:16 have to put Russia in its place somehow
0:19 . But talk about putting us in our place
0:22 has been dying down lately. However,
0:24 Kallas is persistent. You know how it’s
0:28 fashionable to add things to names and
0:30 surnames, right? Kaja, the mad herring
0:34 I would designate the entire Estonian
0:37 government like that.
0:42 They weren't afraid, perhaps they
0:44 reinforced their nervous systems with
0:48 And they spoke out that, of course,
0:51 according to the EU charter, only Costa
0:54 and Kaja should be protecting Europe's
1:00 Yeah. Well, nobody really noticed that
1:02 it was the Estonian government.
1:04 These are the Cains, these Cains.
1:07 Interesting, right? Kallas's people.
1:10 These are Kallas's protégés who depend
1:12 on her. Macron was wonderful. He perked
1:17 He says, "I am ready to defend the
1:18 interests of Europe."
1:20 Well, he started discussing form and
1:22 content, philosophizing.
1:25 He says, "First content, then, he says,
1:27 content will form the shape, and when we
1:29 start, then it will finally be formed."
1:32 But first we need to form the content.
1:35 Horror. Quiet horror.
1:37 >> He went off, went off to form the
1:39 >> He went to form the content. Yes, Macron
1:42 >> well, Godspeed to him.
1:44 >> Godspeed, yes. What does Macron have to
1:46 do with content? Well, why am I saying
1:48 all this about this ridiculous stuff?
1:51 Because the Russian Federation team is
1:54 playing very strongly on this diplomatic
1:57 front and the negotiation front.
2:02 The fact that the so-called European
2:06 security architecture has become an
2:10 equal, and in some ways a leading,
2:14 subject of negotiations.
2:18 This is, of course, a great achievement
2:21 , which is based primarily on our
2:23 military strength and how our soldiers
2:26 and officers are fighting.
2:31 There on the battlefield, on the line of
2:34 combat engagement, and how the special
2:36 military operation is going in general.
2:40 This is, of course, the fundamental
2:42 basis of our negotiating position.
2:44 Yeah. But in the negotiations themselves
2:46 , we are acting, in my opinion, very
2:50 And in principle, the main thing was
2:54 voiced yesterday both by the President
2:57 of Russia, when the negotiations with
3:00 Kushner and Vitkov began, and by
3:03 presidential aide Yuri Ushakov, who
3:06 commented on it all later.
3:09 Well, it has been proposed in the
3:12 discussion of the architecture to recall
3:16 those documents that Russia sent to NATO
3:20 and the United States in December 2021.
3:25 Which could have simply been discussed,
3:28 making for normal negotiations.
3:30 And I think that nothing would have
3:33 happened regarding the necessity of
3:35 using military and military-technical
3:38 means. Which Russia warned about
3:42 Well, it took what it took.
3:46 And the main conclusion, well, why they
3:48 are going into all these negotiations.
3:50 Uh, and and Europe will come, it has
3:53 nowhere else to go. And those stories of
3:56 theirs about how first there's a truce,
3:58 and then they'll see, they can shove
4:01 those far away. Well, you know, when it
4:03 starts with "first a truce," when
4:05 they're shouting all that. Back in our
4:07 neighborhood, yeah, they would ask, well
4:10 >> yeah, well, what if
4:12 >> you really want to ask, "first a truce,
4:14 " well, you want to ask, "well, what if
4:17 there isn't a truce first?"
4:22 You know what's interesting?
4:24 After all, the President of the Russian
4:27 Federation diplomatically, yesterday so
4:31 diplomatically, diplomatically, but very
4:34 strongly, outlined the issue regarding
4:39 And that is, regarding the introduction
4:41 of troops into the territory of Ukraine
4:44 . It was stated in plain text: "Whether
4:48 before peace or a truce, or after peace
4:51 or a truce, these will be our military
4:55 targets. They will be destroyed, and
4:57 that will mean a continuation of the war
5:00 ." Do you want to try? By the way,
5:02 Macron, how is it going with those
5:08 coalition of the willing, which is
5:09 supposed to enter Ukraine on the second
5:11 day after a peace or truce is concluded
5:14 Will they enter? No.
5:17 And that is, well, that's that. It's,
5:21 you know, how interesting.
5:29 delirium, really, because Rasmussen, the
5:32 former NATO Secretary General, he jumped
5:34 up yesterday and said, "We must
5:37 immediately send troops into Ukraine."
5:42 He's not responsible for anything now,
5:45 so he can, go ahead.
5:47 Let's see what everyone says this time.
5:49 >> Well, go ahead, go on and bring them in
5:52 >> Who’s going to stop you?
5:56 >> Just don't get offended later.
5:58 You have the right. Well, "right" in
6:00 quotation marks, yes, in quotation marks
6:02 , of course, they haven't had any real
6:03 rights for a long time.
6:04 That is why, uh, well, the most
6:07 important things were outlined. Well,
6:10 regarding the introduction of troops,
6:13 and regarding how this peace is even
6:16 possible at all, and when the President
6:20 of Russia essentially cast aside all
6:23 talk about gray zones, disputed
6:25 territories, as a result, if there is to
6:29 be this construction of a European
6:32 security architecture, then exact, clear
6:35 , and inviolable borders must be
6:42 Well, by the way, in '22, you probably
6:45 remember, I repeatedly said, yes, that
6:48 this, when the special military
6:50 operation began, that it is an operation
6:53 that must end with a serious revision of
6:56 the borders, and everything will be
6:59 determined by this, including where the
7:02 borders with NATO will pass, and what
7:05 the situation will be moving forward.
7:09 Of relations with NATO.
7:12 By the way, we remember that our
7:15 proposals and demands from 2021 included
7:22 NATO armaments must remain within the
7:25 1997 borders. That is very important.
7:29 And I think we will strive for this and
7:32 eventually achieve it, just as we will a
7:35 formally signed refusal to admit Ukraine
7:45 the fact that, once again, the leading
7:49 theme and main subject of the
7:53 negotiations is this security
7:56 architecture is very important, because
8:01 limits must be set beyond which the West
8:05 , in its hysteria of long-absent
8:09 superiority, could no longer go.
8:16 it is clear, right, that they will
8:19 It is clear that sooner or later the
8:21 Europeans will get to the negotiations,
8:23 and they will be told: "Alright, come
8:29 Then they will start to derail these
8:31 negotiations and stall them in every way
8:36 And we will continue our work: the
8:39 destruction of the criminal Nazi regime
8:43 in Ukraine. Yes. And where will the
8:48 Let them blame themselves for that. You
8:51 were offered a choice. And this happens
8:54 all the time. And this tendency will
8:56 continue. You were offered before,
8:58 weren't you? No. You didn't want it?
9:02 Well, alright, then it will be this way
9:04 . You haven't walked enough yet. It will
9:06 be even worse. There is no other
9:09 alternative for the West and for, uh,
9:13 so-called Europe. Although it is unclear
9:16 what is meant by that word at all.
9:17 >> Yes, for me, it is a riddle. It seems to
9:20 me that they themselves are now trying
9:22 to define what they actually are every
9:24 single time. By the way, this search for
9:27 a person who can represent Europe in
9:29 negotiations is a very telling thing,
9:31 actually. It is truly, despite the fact
9:34 that they have a person who is
9:37 responsible—well, "person" is a stretch
9:40 —for international affairs, for
9:43 international relations, for the
9:51 And they realize themselves that she
9:54 cannot be shown to people, right?
9:58 Yes. That is why they are trying to
10:01 solve it somehow. They simply cannot
10:04 find a person who would represent all of
10:07 this, this entity. What, well, to
10:10 represent? Because it is a most
10:12 interesting situation.
10:14 Twenty years ago, they announced a
10:17 program to reduce states to technical,
10:21 instrumental functions that would be
10:25 directed by someone.
10:28 Well, someone who is not present in the
10:30 public sphere at all, right? And in this
10:34 sense, it is interesting that all these
10:37 people cannot be identified with the
10:41 states on whose behalf they formally act
10:46 Because they are implementing completely
10:48 different interests and different goals
10:52 And the state is just an apparatus of
10:54 violence or a way to achieve some other
10:57 , well, quite utilitarian goals, nothing
11:02 That is why it is not very clear, well,
11:07 who exactly do they represent?
11:09 Someone unnamed, someone unknown.
11:16 Well no, Dmitry Drobnitsky says: "Well,
11:19 all these people are quite well-known,
11:22 those who created foundations,
11:24 mini-foundations, uh, NGOs, those who
11:28 published reports and continue to
11:33 And these people are well-known, says
11:40 Well, I am not sure about that, because
11:43 I think it is quite a, well, a tiered
11:46 story, but once again I want to
11:48 emphasize that what I am saying is that
11:51 there is no such, well,
11:53 behind-the-scenes concept, a fundamental
11:56 strategy to destroy the state in favor
11:59 of...And there they had to express,
12:02 which, yes, they did express, in favor
12:05 of various types of corporations.
12:08 There you go. But this strategy was
12:10 announced back in the late 2000s.
12:13 Take Merz, Macron, Meloni, this Briton
12:17 Burnham. These are all results of the
12:21 implementation, well, of these, uh, this
12:23 strategy. That is why it is unclear who
12:26 we are supposed to talk to there. What
12:28 that is, is unknown. Well, it is unknown
12:33 This has practically no interests and no
12:35 connection to the peoples of Europe.
12:38 And with the United States, there is
12:40 also a difficulty, because we are
12:42 working personally with Trump and
12:45 But that is...Yes, yes, I understand
12:47 that part of the establishment in
12:49 America, otherwise it would not be
12:53 Well, at some point they realized that
12:55 since they failed to destroy Russia,
12:58 continuing further means heading toward
13:02 Nobody ordered that. This is something
13:05 nobody really needs. To get to that
13:07 point. There you go.
13:10 And that is exactly what Trump is
13:12 relying on. But will he be able to, well
13:15 , really solidify something from the
13:18 United States 'side? That is an open
13:20 question. We understand very well that
13:23 this is an open question. This is not a
13:25 reason to refuse interaction with, well
13:27 , Trump's team. Well, yes. Well, those
13:30 are the circumstances.
13:32 Well, we held Anchorage for this, in
13:34 order to, well, hypothetically for this
13:36 , yes, to understand where the limit of
13:40 Well, the American administration.
13:43 But Anchorage showed that clearly.
13:46 Well, now the President of Russia told
13:48 them: "Well, before you let the
13:50 Europeans at the negotiating table, you
13:52 should do some work among them, somehow
13:55 >> explanatory and educational."
13:58 I have my doubts that the White House
14:00 administration and their team of
14:02 negotiators will be able to explain
14:04 anything to the Europeans.
14:07 Though we’ll live and see.
14:10 Dmitry Evgenyevich is recalling December
14:12 of '21. That was when Russia published
14:15 draft treaties with the US and NATO. One
14:18 of the points was returning alliance
14:20 forces to their May 1997 positions.
14:22 There was no substantive answer back
14:24 then. Now that topic is back on the
14:28 >> You know, I noticed a curious detail.
14:31 Well, in connection with what we were
14:33 discussing in the first part of our
14:37 About the Europeans who are eager to get
14:39 to the negotiating table and so on.
14:42 Meaning, the suggestion that, in
14:44 principle, Russia doesn't mind if
14:46 Europeans eventually participate in
14:49 talks about a new European security
14:51 structure, or architecture, was received
14:54 very positively by the Europeans
14:56 themselves, of course.
14:58 Well, Macron, we already mentioned, even
15:01 said he was ready. Right. And Merz said
15:04 , "Good, that's good news." It is
15:06 curious, however, that Zelensky remained
15:12 He really lashed out, he was swearing.
15:15 I think he sees himself as the
15:20 And through all the channels—and this
15:23 wasn't us saying it, it was the
15:25 Americans—Zelensky and their Foreign
15:27 Minister Sybiha have been saying through
15:30 all channels that a summit is needed, a
15:34 Zelensky sees himself at that table.
15:37 Not Merz, not Macron, or anyone else.
15:41 >> We don't need a summit.
15:44 >> It might actually turn out to be
15:46 interesting, this so-called architecture
15:48 —I call it so-called because it’s not
15:51 really clear what it will be.
15:54 It’s definitely not a collective
15:56 security system like those in the 19th
15:58 or 20th centuries, where their
16:00 boundaries were clear.
16:03 So, most likely, these will be some kind
16:05 of contractual relations, which, as we
16:08 know, in this international space...
16:10 They are only followed as long as they
16:14 Right. Well, it doesn't matter, this
16:16 discussion itself isn't important yet.
16:18 Later on, it will be very important.
16:22 Again, that's why I said in the first
16:25 half-hour that it is highly significant
16:28 that this subject has appeared and taken
16:31 a leading thematic place in the
16:35 But where does Ukraine fit into this at
16:39 Well, when some architecture or security
16:42 structure is being discussed, it won't
16:46 be about them, except for the part
16:49 regarding what remains of it.
16:52 Well yes, we will probably have to
16:56 address that somehow. But in principle,
16:59 everything is an order of magnitude more
17:02 And, by the way, the conflict itself,
17:05 which was carried out through Ukraine,
17:08 essentially an attack by the West on
17:11 Russia via Ukraine, all this arose
17:17 well, the security system or security
17:20 architecture was violated and destroyed
17:23 . The West destroyed it deliberately.
17:27 Well, throughout the nineties and the
17:29 two-thousands, after the fall of the
17:31 Soviet Union, the West was destroying it
17:32 , this architecture.
17:34 That is why, well, how can Zelensky
17:36 possibly like all of this? This all
17:40 And, perhaps, not just political. He
17:45 understands this well. There.
17:48 But notice, he hasn't been in Kyiv for
17:50 two weeks now, has he?
17:52 He’s just wandering around somewhere.
17:54 >> yes, living in Dublin now. Well,
17:56 probably in Dublin, yes, hugging Macron
18:00 . Also a useful thing for them, I
18:03 suppose. Not for, uh, anything more
18:13 Ukraine, in this sense, has been used by
18:17 It is being used a little bit more and
18:19 will be used for some time as a tool to
18:21 inflict damage on Russia.
18:24 But beyond that, it’s not really of
18:26 interest to anyone in any sense.
18:29 Well, if the issue of, so to speak, a
18:33 direct war by the West against us is
18:36 removed, then, in principle, well, what
18:43 Just massive losses and the need to
18:47 maintain all of this after peace
18:50 agreements are concluded.
18:55 Oh, how they’ve “won” this, right? This
18:58 is exactly what the so-called Europe,
19:00 which is itself unclear what it is, is
19:02 facing now. Adding Ukraine to their
19:05 maintenance list. And, by the way, this
19:08 accession to the European Union, no,
19:10 there will be no accession to the
19:14 And in whatever form it exists, this
19:16 Ukraine, specifically Ukraine, I think
19:19 that, well, there’s no chance of joining
19:23 Parts of it might join by becoming part
19:25 of European Union countries. Galicia to
19:28 Poland, Bukovina to Romania,
19:31 Transcarpathia to Hungary, Slovakia, for
19:34 example. They could become, within those
19:41 a part of the European Union. Well, by
19:43 the way, the European Union itself also
19:48 Everything is still holding on only by
19:50 the inertia of that war which they
19:52 declared on us and which they are
19:57 And it is impossible to deny that they
20:00 are losing it. Well, that is, so to
20:03 speak, half of the opinion in general,
20:07 well, in Europe itself as of today.
20:11 But the silliest thing that can be done
20:14 is to pretend that we aren't losing
20:16 anything and demand a ceasefire along
20:19 the line of contact.
20:21 I find this truly amazing, of course, to
20:23 keep shouting that Russia is losing and
20:25 demanding things—so, essentially, they
20:29 >> And you know, nobody cares about that
20:32 >> yes, no, that’s understandable. I,
20:34 >> logical inconsistency worries no one,
20:36 >> I am no longer appealing to any logic,
20:40 Over these last few years, I have
20:42 finally realized that everything goes,
20:46 None of those constructs, even simple
20:48 one-step ones, like, well, Russia is
20:50 losing, so it must be defeated.
20:52 No, Russia is losing, so, therefore, a
20:55 ceasefire must be declared, a truce must
20:58 be arranged, and so on. Well, apparently
21:01 , apparently, they really pity us a lot
21:04 Speaking of the European Union. Ukraine
21:07 received candidate status in June of '22
21:09 , but decisions on accession are made
21:12 unanimously, and any country in the
21:14 union can stall them. Next in the studio
21:17 is Mikhail Leontyev.
21:19 >> FM Dmitry Kulyakov is in the studio.
21:21 I wish everyone a good morning and
21:23 welcome Mikhail Leontyev, who is also
21:25 with us in the studio.
21:30 Well, as always, I'll try to start with
21:33 a small detail, from the specific to the
21:35 general, from what you were discussing
21:37 with Gia in the previous hour, that
21:40 Zelensky, in principle, would like to
21:42 lead the European delegation
21:44 >> at these negotiations. That is, we
21:46 actually need to answer a very strange
21:48 question. Why are the Europeans there?
21:51 And specifically, why are the Americans
21:54 dragging Europeans there now, whom, in
21:56 general, they don't exactly adore?
22:00 Suddenly, some kind of inhuman love has
22:03 emerged, completely open statements from
22:05 everyone, starting with Vivek and the
22:08 rest, and ending with Trump and others,
22:10 that Europeans are simply desperately
22:14 Well, formally, what is the excuse? We
22:16 are going to discuss the security
22:17 architecture of Europe. How can you
22:20 discuss the security architecture of
22:22 Europe without Europe?
22:25 We will return to the topic of Yalta and
22:27 Potsdam, which has suddenly become
22:30 unusually relevant for some reason. Ah,
22:32 well, here I am in Potsdam.
22:34 >> Well, I didn't say anything about Yalta
22:36 >> No, you didn't say it, but everyone is
22:39 >> it means that Yalta and Potsdam were
22:42 precisely the case where the
22:44 architecture of Europe was discussed
22:47 entirely without Europe. Well, if you
22:49 don't count the British, who were tagged
22:54 Because Europe was Hitler, and it didn't
22:56 occur to anyone to discuss with Hitler
22:59 the security architecture or the future
23:01 of security in Europe.
23:03 See, there was no such idea.
23:06 Now Zelensky, well, not exactly Hitler,
23:10 of course, a bit weak, it must be said,
23:13 but that's only a joke by a few percent
23:16 , because Zelensky openly declares that
23:19 the question of who will represent
23:22 Europe in the negotiations must be
23:25 discussed with him.
23:30 By the way, this is a very good
23:32 indicator, actually,
23:35 >> of the state of Europe.
23:36 >> Not Europe, to hell with it. It doesn't
23:40 It is an indicator of where the threat
23:42 to the world originates and who is
23:45 really being configured.
23:48 Actually, Kushner said that if Europe
23:50 settles on a person to speak on its
23:53 behalf, it would be an even greater
23:55 achievement than getting Russia to agree
23:58 to involve Europeans in the negotiations
24:02 >> well done. Yes, because that is a truly
24:05 substantive response.
24:07 Indeed, the inability of Europe to
24:09 decide on a character
24:12 >> and the substance of its position
24:13 >> is total. You understand, the moment it
24:16 becomes clear who they have chosen, it
24:18 will be perfectly clear that there is no
24:23 Now, so what has happened with us?
24:26 >> No, well, before you move on to that, I
24:28 would note one thing. And by the way,
24:30 how do you feel about this?
24:32 I, for example, believe that this
24:34 démarche by Stubb and Støre, the phone
24:38 call, was certainly not their initiative
24:42 >> it was an American initiative. Here
24:44 >> these are the people closest to the
24:46 Americans in the European, so to speak,
24:51 >> Therefore, I this figure, they, of
24:53 course, carefully pretended that they
24:55 were coordinating it.
24:57 No, not just that they did it themselves
24:59 , but that they were coordinating it.
25:00 They probably coordinated it somehow,
25:02 but it was clear that it was an American
25:04 initiative. Go on, go on, guys, come on
25:06 , come on, yes, come on, come on, it
25:10 So, we will now try to answer the
25:12 question, why are the Europeans being
25:16 Well, again, formally, like, where else
25:19 Because they allegedly want to discuss
25:21 the architecture with them, yes.
25:24 Firstly, we have achieved an outstanding
25:26 , simply stunning success with the
25:28 Americans. That is, we have returned to
25:32 >> Bravo. Well, I, I
25:34 >> What is security architecture? It is
25:37 what we have been chasing.
25:39 Well, openly, starting from 2008, and
25:43 directly in an ultimatum form, in 2021.
25:47 And back then, there was an absolutely
25:49 clearly formulated refusal to discuss
25:51 these issues with us
25:53 >> consistently, many times.
25:56 >> No. Well, what Biden said, the last
25:58 meeting, that is, directly the prelude.
26:03 Let's all agree that this is indeed the
26:04 root cause, yes, and the foundation, and
26:08 Well, we have returned to the root
26:09 causes. What might be revealed? What
26:12 could be the result?
26:15 That the root cause might be unfixable?
26:21 You understand, we have returned here,
26:26 we talked for a long time: "Make a
26:27 diagnosis." Let's make a diagnosis.
26:32 >> we made a diagnosis.
26:33 >> Yes. There is no treatment protocol.
26:35 >> Yes. No. Well, simply a diagnosis,
26:38 forgive me, of an imminent painful death
26:40 , figuratively speaking. Well, and we're
26:45 But there are ways. And as far as I
26:49 understand, there is a certain, uh, not
26:52 even a concept, but rather a certain
26:55 chance, a certain option, yes, that the
27:00 Just look at what our president is doing
27:03 against the backdrop of negotiations on
27:10 He is proposing to set up an Oleshky in
27:14 This is, of course, a global initiative
27:17 >> 500 people—every human life is, of
27:22 But against the backdrop of what is
27:24 happening, I think the listener will
27:26 understand what we are talking about,
27:30 So, the practical point of this setup is
27:33 to prove that Zelensky is lying,
27:38 because he is shouting everywhere that
27:40 he controls this, controls that, that he
27:42 controls 50%of Donbas.
27:44 And this issue precisely, Kostyantynivka
27:46 , is a concrete example.
27:48 Uh, the president, in fact, raised the
27:50 topic of all these gray zones and so on
27:53 That is empty talk, and there is no need
27:57 You could, specifically, take and catch
28:01 Zelensky by the left testicle and hang
28:06 And if he doesn't want to be hung, say:
28:09 "Look, he chickened out." Uh, well, the
28:12 mountain doesn't necessarily have to
28:14 bring forth a mouse.
28:16 I have the impression that this whole
28:19 story is, in general, based on some sort
28:25 feeling that there is some quiet game
28:29 And it's not so much ours as it is our
28:32 American partners', because Trump is
28:36 not very capable of loud games anymore,
28:38 but he really wants to.
28:40 I completely agree with many statements
28:42 from all kinds of, uh, commentators,
28:45 analysts, including Western ones, that
28:47 Trump really wants to go down in history
28:49 and conclude a big deal.
28:52 Meaning, a deal with Iran. He declared
28:54 that it’s not even needed anymore.
28:56 >> And they say he sidelined Vance.
28:58 >> Well, I don't know if he sidelined him
29:00 >> If he sidelined Vance, then he regretted
29:02 it. And rightly so. Leave Vance alone.
29:05 Besides Vance, they—at least the
29:07 post-Trumpists—have no one else and
29:09 won't have anyone else, because Rubio is
29:11 a guy from a different mold. Right. But
29:17 so, because, again, starting with the
29:21 figure of Zelensky himself, with the
29:25 games around Starlink, it all looks very
29:29 much like Trump is planning, hoping—and
29:33 we aren't against it either—to carry out
29:40 to orchestrate some sort of Caracas in
29:47 That is, some kind of non-formal
29:50 somersault that will change, uh, well,
29:53 the entire meaning of this whole story,
29:57 including with the Europeans, right?
30:01 The Europeans are an amazing way to, uh
30:05 , blame them for the failure of the
30:09 negotiations, which seems, uh, well,
30:17 And we aren't against it either.
30:20 >> Yes, well, I said it in my half hour. I
30:22 don't know if you've heard or not. So,
30:23 Zelensky here is like, uh, a
30:25 super-European, you know, there's
30:27 superintelligence, and he is a
30:30 super-European. He is the quintessence
30:33 >> A super-European.
30:34 >> A super-European he is. A super-European
30:36 he is. A better European, actually.
30:38 >> Yes. Yes. That is undoubted.
30:40 >> Cleaner, better in every sense. Uh, the
30:43 civilization that gave birth to the
30:46 >> It's a pity he's not a, but
30:48 that's, in principle, fixable.
30:52 I'm saying, the civilization that gave
30:54 birth to the concept of the Übermensch,
30:56 who doesn't need God, in principle, had
30:58 to receive this kind of Übermensch over
31:01 >> Well, this is some kind of mockery of
31:03 >> No, why? In the Strugatskys ', in the
31:05 Strugatskys', this would have happened
31:07 to Nietzsche if he had seen—well, there
31:10 was Frankenstein, right?
31:11 >> And what is this? And this is an
31:13 Übermensch, you understand? This is the
31:16 European Übermensch. There.
31:18 >> No, Trump said a brilliant thing.
31:21 He said that if this deal is ever made,
31:24 the only reason for it will be me.
31:28 Meaning, there must be an alternative
31:32 And if the deal is not made, the only
31:35 reason will be them,
31:37 >> right? Zelensky.
31:38 >> Moreover, it is very obvious. Don't
31:39 believe it? Oh, take a look.
31:42 >> good heavens. Let's...
31:45 >> a little history. The Yalta Conference.
31:48 February of '45. Potsdam. Summer of the
31:52 France did not participate in either one
31:55 , although it later got its own zone in
31:58 So Europe really wasn't asked much back
32:02 >> Misha, we haven't discussed this with
32:05 you. Indeed, this question exists. What
32:07 for and why? In my first hour, I said
32:09 the same thing in different words. I'll
32:14 We won't drag it out too long, we will
32:16 move on to further negotiations.
32:19 They, well, will demonstratively disrupt
32:22 these negotiations. There. And,
32:25 accordingly, we will be going about,
32:27 well, our own business. There.
32:29 >> Well, about our own business, we also
32:30 need to talk. Our own business, and how
32:32 and who will handle it, is a separate,
32:34 including a philosophical and historical
32:36 , problem. If we have enough time today
32:39 , yes, so to speak, to talk about
32:41 >> I am always for historical context.
32:43 >> The concept of a positional deadlock.
32:46 That's a separate issue, because it's
32:48 very important, yes, and it's important
32:49 to understand one thing: if there is
32:51 such a thing as a positional deadlock,
32:53 surely there must be a strategic
32:54 deadlock, or isn't there, and how do
32:58 Well then, and now about the
32:59 architecture of danger.
33:01 Before discussing security architecture
33:05 , it’s worth noting that it really
33:08 reflects what the security architecture
33:11 in Europe, which was designed at the
33:14 sunset of the Cold War, the Helsinki
33:17 Accords and all that stuff, really shows
33:20 several differences right away, yes.
33:24 Firstly, back then Europe—and
33:26 specifically Europe—wanted a security
33:28 architecture most of all.
33:31 Whose Europe was it? If you take Germany
33:34 , Brandt, Kohl, right? If you take
33:37 France, you have Pompidou, Giscard
33:40 d'Estaing, Chirac, and so on. That is,
33:42 those were statesmen like Palme.
33:46 Not to mention the neutrals, right,
33:48 practically saintly people.
33:50 >> One of them was even killed,
33:52 >> I mean Palme. And it’s still unknown by
33:55 Well, so, that’s how much Europe wanted
33:58 it, and now Europe—I’ll read the
34:01 quintessence of Europe, the liberal
34:06 Trump is preparing to give up Ukraine.
34:08 It’s time for Europe to get a grip.
34:11 There is every reason to fear a great
34:13 betrayal of Ukraine in the coming weeks
34:16 Vladimir Putin will be rewarded for his
34:18 special operation against Kyiv, and the
34:19 European security system, this very
34:21 architecture, will be undermined for
34:26 However, European leaders, these
34:28 Lilliputians, are too busy bickering
34:29 over who will represent them in future
34:31 peace talks to prevent this collusion
34:33 behind Ukraine's back.
34:36 So, if we strip away the rhetoric, it
34:38 becomes obvious that both of these
34:41 negotiators are talking about some kind
34:44 of deal with Putin behind the backs of
34:47 Volodymyr Zelenskyy and other European
34:54 >> behind the backs of Zelenskyy and others
34:56 , which will effectively lead to the
34:58 partitioning of Eastern Europe.
35:00 This partition could happen in just a
35:04 This is a hint at this, well, like the
35:07 Mar-a-Lago meeting, the trilateral
35:12 So, Trump wants to achieve results
35:14 before the new Congress begins work in
35:18 To impose a humiliating partition of the
35:20 country on Kyiv. Well, they recall Trump
35:22 and his statement that, well, the
35:24 country will have a slightly different
35:26 >> configuration, its shape will change,
35:28 If all this seems like paranoid delusion
35:30 , it’s worth remembering that Trump and
35:32 Musk have already resorted to most of
35:35 It’s clear what this is about. The
35:37 threat of betrayal hangs over Europe.
35:41 So, next is a hint that Russia's frozen
35:43 assets should be seized. There.
35:46 So, they don't have any other
35:48 constructive or grand ideas, do they?
35:52 Transfer them under EU control, and then
35:55 use them to secure a massive loan for
35:57 Ukraine's reconstruction at the expense
35:59 of Russian reparations.
36:01 While securing funding for Kyiv for at
36:03 least 2 years, sparing the EU from the
36:05 need to conduct increasingly tense
36:07 negotiations every few months.
36:09 2 years of war, or is it reconstruction
36:11 , or 2 years of war.
36:13 Guys, you should decide what you want to
36:15 do with our money: rebuild Ukraine or
36:18 Yes, these are two very different
36:20 processes, actually. Well, in any case,
36:23 you'll still have to provide it.
36:26 It’s not too late to take steps to
36:29 prevent a massive betrayal of Ukraine—
36:31 not a small one, a giant one.
36:35 A weakened American president is even
36:38 more desperate to strike some kind of
36:42 Well, you could say that. What am I
36:47 These fears regarding Yalta are,
36:50 unfortunately, greatly exaggerated.
36:55 I already mentioned that Europe wasn't
36:57 discussed at Yalta, but what is a
37:00 division of spheres of influence, anyway
37:05 Great powers have the right and the duty
37:08 to have spheres of interest and
37:10 influence, because otherwise they cannot
37:13 ensure their own security.
37:16 And the security of other minor powers
37:22 Security spheres in Europe at Yalta, and
37:25 even more so in Potsdam, were defined by
37:29 the positioning of the armed forces of
37:32 the stakeholders, who were formally and
37:35 effectively allies.
37:38 And the United Nations was born as—
37:40 which is, in fact—the name of the
37:42 anti-Hitler coalition. The United
37:45 Nations. Yes, many people here have
37:47 probably forgotten.
37:49 Or maybe some never even knew what a—
37:52 well, not a scandal, but a difficult
37:54 process it was, for example, for
37:56 Argentina to join the UN, because
37:59 Argentina was effectively pro-Hitler
38:01 during the war, but then, due to
38:03 changing circumstances, the US really
38:08 And after a long struggle, our side even
38:15 Especially since it wasn't relevant
38:16 anymore from a political perspective,
38:18 and it wasn't really affecting our other
38:19 interests much either.
38:21 So, in fact, yes, that’s just as an
38:23 example. So, there you go.
38:27 It is, on one hand, elegant,
38:34 cynical, but on the other hand,
38:38 The division of spheres of influence is
38:42 defined not by deals or acrobatics, but
38:45 by the positioning of armed forces.
38:50 And Stalin, for this sphere of influence
38:55 paid for so generously with our blood,
38:59 understood what he was doing.
39:04 People have now paraphrased the saying:
39:07 where the Soviet soldier has set foot,
39:09 there is no return to capitalism. That
39:11 is a quote from Stalin.
39:13 We are talking about it now—
39:15 incidentally, we paraphrased it poorly,
39:17 because "no return to capitalism" does
39:19 not mean territorial annexation in favor
39:24 It means the victory of a specific
39:26 political system. Yes, the one that, at
39:29 that time, at least in our country, was
39:31 publicly considered ideal.
39:35 So, it meant the arrival of happiness—
39:37 you could interpret it as: where the
39:39 Soviet soldier has set foot, the arrival
39:42 of happiness is irreversible.
39:45 >> The Helsinki Final Act was signed in the
39:47 summer of 1975. Olof Palme was killed in
39:51 Stockholm in '86, while Argentina only
39:53 declared war on Germany in March of '45
39:56 , and yet it became one of the UN's
40:03 I will continue the theme of comparing
40:06 it to Yalta-Potsdam, which is again
40:08 extremely fashionable, both as a threat
40:10 and, on the other hand, as a hope—like
40:13 the three of them will gather, the
40:15 nuclear superpowers at least, right, and
40:17 they will, you know, divide the world
40:19 for real and order will prevail.
40:22 Yes. So, maybe we will have time to
40:25 discuss it. There are already rough
40:27 outlines of what might happen in
40:31 I think the meeting will happen after
40:33 all, but it will likely follow Chinese
40:35 patterns, which are very different from
40:37 Yalta precisely because of the
40:39 difference in fundamental premises.
40:48 of zones of influence, both Soviet and
40:51 anti-Soviet, was, in principle,
40:54 consolidated and defined by the presence
40:58 and deployment of troops, both as a
41:01 result of the Second World War and their
41:05 subsequent positioning.
41:08 Yes, after we unilaterally cleared our
41:12 zone of influence of our troops—and
41:16 indeed cleared it of influence itself—
41:20 all our moaning about NATO expansion has
41:24 , how should I put it, a
41:27 humanitarian-oligophrenic character.
41:32 Nature abhors a vacuum. It is a physical
41:35 process. A physical process. Like
41:37 communicating vessels, I don’t know,
41:40 pressure equalization, and so on.
41:43 Automatically, these territories were
41:51 by the force that remained and that had
41:54 a zone of influence. And it simply, I
41:57 would say, physically spread into the
42:01 freely evacuated territories.
42:05 Especially since there was no other
42:08 influence, no other serious superpower
42:11 that could have replaced this influence
42:17 I mean, you can’t seriously say that the
42:19 states of Eastern Europe could exist on
42:21 their own without—there was one state,
42:22 Yugoslavia, it was called.
42:29 >> Well, that is precisely why, and that’s
42:31 that. Yes, exactly, because it doesn't
42:35 It is an absolutely natural process.
42:39 The fact that it was carried out within
42:41 the framework of demagoguery, deception
42:44 , our own self-deception, and so on,
42:47 alongside our quiet groans and
42:49 lamentations, is of no importance.
42:53 That is, it only matters from the point
42:55 of view of the dramaturgy of the process
42:57 But otherwise, the process is completely
42:59 >> you know, I’ll tell you this.
43:01 It’s interesting that all this happened
43:04 , and they took all of them into NATO.
43:07 By the way, two monsters of American
43:10 geopolitics supported all of this.
43:14 Brzezinski and Kissinger, yes, they took
43:17 them all into NATO. But imagine, let’s—
43:19 I don’t like "what-ifs," but let’s
43:23 Imagine if the Czech Republic, Poland,
43:25 and all of Eastern Europe hadn't been
43:30 >> well, warning Kennan now, yes, it
43:32 doesn't matter what you heard,
43:35 >> it doesn't matter if you imagine there
43:38 could have been 10 Ukraines at some
43:44 where you can use them as a battering
43:46 ram against Russia, like a fireship,
43:50 >> you just say, why necessarily, as a
43:52 fireship, without bearing any
43:54 responsibility. You understand? That’s
43:56 what I’ve been saying all along.
44:00 Our super-idea of keeping NATO out of
44:02 Ukraine is an attempt to force our way
44:05 through an open door.
44:08 Ukraine isn't needed in NATO. If Ukraine
44:11 were in NATO, how could it not be at war
44:14 with us? It couldn't, because then NATO
44:16 would be at war with us. This isn't a
44:19 So, this war, as one of the Obama-era
44:22 democratic defense advisors said, I
44:25 believe, is a proxy war between the
44:32 Russia. That’s how it started, it has
44:35 now transformed into some sort of
44:36 monstrosity that’s completely
44:38 incomprehensible, but it clearly started
44:44 the good fortune for our adversary in
44:46 this war is that for them it is
44:48 completely proxy, while for us it is
44:50 partly, I would say, yes.
44:55 >> So, that's point one.
44:58 And that is why they like it and liked
45:00 it, and many still like it, though they
45:02 are gradually becoming disappointed.
45:05 If they were completely disappointed,
45:07 this whole thing would be over. There.
45:09 Well, anyway. Right now
45:11 >> I am getting to the point.
45:13 >> See, it’s interesting, right, that they
45:15 couldn’t help but raise the issue of
45:18 Ukraine joining NATO, and we couldn’t
45:20 help but object to it.
45:22 >> Correct. Correct. Correct.
45:25 I just want to say that this is all a
45:28 result of our geopolitical retreat, or,
45:31 I would even say, betrayal, a surrender
45:36 Betrayal. It was a betrayal. You know, I
45:39 like precision in words, right? Retreat
45:41 , yes, from Gorbachev's perspective, it
45:44 was a betrayal. By the way, they are
45:46 actually very similar to Zelensky in one
45:49 Zelensky has increasing doubts that
45:52 Ukrainians love him, just as Gorbachev
45:54 at a certain point had doubts that the
45:57 Soviet people, as they were then, loved
46:02 There. So, and for that reason, he seeks
46:06 success and self-realization in the West
46:11 more and more. In that sense, they are
46:14 strikingly similar. There. Uh, well,
46:17 there are actually many such similar
46:23 Especially from this side, from this
46:25 side of Europe, from ours.
46:28 >> There. But I just want to say that
46:33 practically everything that happened, we
46:37 were once very happy that the collapse
46:41 process went through at a low cost for
46:47 They compared themselves to Yugoslavia
46:50 It’s just a deferred price. It is a
46:53 deferred price. No, if we had completely
46:57 then you could consider the price small
46:59 , if we don’t count, you are actually
47:02 >> the actual annihilation.
47:04 >> So, what was the issue there? The
47:06 Americans calculated,
47:07 >> actually, actually that’s exactly how it
47:09 was intended. Just annihilate yourselves
47:11 >> Oh, exactly, yes.
47:14 The Americans gave us existence, well,
47:22 Then they pushed it all back, thinking
47:24 that by 2015 we wouldn't have any
47:25 nuclear deterrent forces left, and they
47:27 would take us with their bare hands.
47:30 >> So, the special military operation in
47:33 its current form, although it was
47:35 conceived differently, of course, is
47:41 We said that the difficulty of the task
47:46 our current president faced was, yes,
47:50 trying to hatch chicks from scrambled
47:54 eggs, because by that moment the eggs
47:57 were practically already almost digested
48:03 Exactly. And now we see it. What I’m
48:05 talking about is exactly this hatching
48:07 of chicks from scrambled eggs, yes.
48:09 That’s why Yalta and Potsdam are a
48:15 And look at how the participants are
48:17 behaving. Yes, there is a whole big
48:20 article in the South China Morning Post
48:25 That is, the most open and, well,
48:28 somewhat free, or at least informally
48:35 Well, a quite official Chinese newspaper
48:37 that talks about what the meeting will
48:41 What is the disagreement, then?
48:43 Trump wants a free discussion on broad
48:49 and ours, in general, well, it’s not
48:52 exactly, well, it’s described quite well
48:55 here. But the Chinese want a strict
48:59 agenda and prepared documents.
49:04 Do you see what the deal is? The Chinese
49:05 already feel like winners, so the main
49:07 thing for them is not to make mistakes.
49:09 And what does it mean not to make
49:10 mistakes? It means not falling for
49:12 provocations, not getting involved in
49:14 any. And sometimes it’s better not to
49:15 expose yourself, yes, absolutely right.
49:17 Back away. Sometimes back away and,
49:20 perhaps, even give something up to avoid
49:23 getting bogged down, because in their
49:27 view they are on the right path to, uh,
49:30 if not world domination, then world
49:33 leadership. Exactly, exactly. It’s not a
49:37 fact that they are even striving for
49:39 world domination at all. They have
49:40 enough intelligence and historical
49:42 experience, and so on. Yes. Just don't
49:44 stumble. You understand, this manner
49:48 some countries, powers have, "we were
49:52 provoked." It was a provocation. They
49:55 provoked you. Who even asked you, you
49:58 wretch, to be provoked? Especially if
50:01 you were yelling from the very beginning
50:03 that it was a provocation. Don't fall
50:11 So, it's written here that the main
50:14 topic, most likely,
50:20 will be control over AI in the nuclear
50:25 That is, this is where there is some
50:27 high degree of consensus, right?
50:31 The armed conflict in Ukraine and the
50:33 nuclear situation on the Korean
50:35 peninsula are off the agenda.
50:38 The United States is insisting on
50:40 discussing nuclear arms control. China
50:43 has long been against it because they
50:46 have serious reasons. They want
50:48 potentials—they are ready to discuss
50:51 transparency, transparency of warning
50:53 systems, and so on, right?
50:56 To sign another declaration that there
50:59 will be no winners in a nuclear war.
51:02 It looks like that's exactly what will
51:04 happen, the three countries might issue
51:06 a joint statement confirming that there
51:09 Notification of missile launches.
51:13 Recently, these countries have been
51:15 jointly proposing draft resolutions to
51:17 the General Assembly on AI management.
51:21 In 2024, the US and China prepared such
51:25 There. And Russia supported the Chinese
51:35 some kind of agreement on human control
51:37 over nuclear weapons, according to South
51:39 China Morning Post or their source, to
51:42 be more precise, Russia is not showing
51:44 any enthusiasm here
51:48 >> regarding Moscow, it refuses to take on
51:51 commitments that would limit its
51:54 military's freedom of action.
51:57 It also does not openly support the US
51:59 and Chinese position that a human must
52:01 retain the decision-making authority on
52:03 the use of nuclear weapons.
52:07 >> Well, it's a strange thing,
52:10 >> I can tell you, there is the Dead Hand
52:15 >> Well, they are hinting at the Russians,
52:17 "Get rid of it." The Russians say, "No
52:21 >> An Indian "teepee," as that guy says.
52:24 No way, get it? What's interesting here
52:27 is, first, regarding the Dead Hand.
52:30 >> no, this is good.
52:31 This is actually good, because
52:33 considering the human factor, it's
52:36 better if the factor of the final,
52:40 >> the final tally,
52:41 >> the final tally was non-human,
52:43 >> right? Look, that's what they're hinting
52:46 at. Second, well, this "there will be no
52:48 winners," of course. A wonderful thesis
52:51 . Let's say, well, we accept this thesis
52:54 as a foundation. What follows from this
52:58 ? That there won't be any winners?
53:01 Well, look, if, for example, the United
53:04 States together with Europe, the whole
53:07 of NATO, plus someone else, deploys a
53:09 major conventional war against Russia at
53:13 its borders and on its territory, which
53:15 threatens us with direct strategic
53:20 That means we won't be winners,
53:22 >> Then we level the playing field. There
53:24 will be no winners at all.
53:25 >> We have talked about this a thousand
53:26 times. I think there will be no winners
53:29 >> It's not even needed. Actually, actually
53:31 , once again, he didn't just hint at
53:33 this, he spoke about it directly.
53:35 >> I just want to state how the full
53:38 syllogism about there being no winners
53:41 in a nuclear war sounds. In full, it
53:44 sounds exactly like
53:48 In ninety-seven, he warned that NATO
53:50 expansion to the east would lead to dire
53:54 And in January of '22, five nuclear
53:57 powers stated: "There can be no winners
54:00 in a nuclear war." Mikhail Leontyev
54:03 completes this formula in his own way.
54:06 I would like here, then,
54:10 >> again, if we turn to historical
54:13 experience, we have established that a
54:16 Yalta-Potsdam, in the form that Yalta
54:19 and Potsdam took, cannot exist because
54:22 the premises are different, yes, the
54:25 interests are different.
54:28 And most importantly, in Yalta and
54:31 Potsdam, it was practically impossible
54:33 not to reach an agreement.
54:37 Because these countries were acting as
54:39 allies and, by the way, continued to be
54:42 allies due to the fact that they were
54:44 conducting combat operations in the
54:47 still-ongoing Second World War.
54:50 Japan was still there, if we remember,
54:53 Here, the situation of allies is,
54:55 strictly speaking, nowhere to be seen.
54:58 Involving them here means an attempt to
55:02 resuscitate Europe as a global player.
55:06 That is, to pull a ghost out of the
55:08 closet and scare each other with it.
55:13 It is in itself very typical for this
55:15 situation and marks a sharp contrast—
55:18 again, I say—Hitler was not asked how
55:21 the security structure would be arranged
55:24 in territories that were partially, and
55:27 before that fully, under his control.
55:33 But it is customary for us to compare
55:35 the nature of the current combat
55:38 operations not to the Second World War,
55:42 And, by the way, there are largely more
55:44 analogies here, right?
55:46 And when the words "positional stalemate
55:49 " are uttered, and they are used by both
55:51 sides, the image of the First World War
55:54 arises, primarily the Western Front. Yes
55:57 , despite the enormous importance of the
56:00 eastern, Russian front,
56:04 for some reason, on the whole, although
56:07 at every given moment we paid with
56:09 immense blood, it had no significance,
56:12 and even its disappearance, as it turned
56:15 out, did not have a decisive impact on
56:18 the outcome of the First World War. In
56:21 general, it is a very peculiar war. And
56:22 , by the way, the answer to the question
56:24 : is a positional stalemate the
56:25 impossibility of victory?
56:28 Take the First World War as an example.
56:31 Well, there was a stalemate, a long
56:33 stalemate, but nevertheless, there were
56:36 winners in the war somehow, right?
56:41 Because a positional stalemate can be
56:44 physical, when all sides, on the brink
56:47 of their physical strength, try to
56:50 overcome it and cannot.
56:53 Yes, a similar situation existed at a
56:55 certain stage of the First World War,
56:58 but it can also be political, when,
57:01 based on some internal, external,
57:03 various multifactorial calculations,
57:06 both sides do not commit 100%.
57:11 but right now we clearly do not have a
57:16 We see that both sides, well, except for
57:18 Ukraine, which, once again, should not
57:20 be considered a side. That is, of course
57:23 , simply a calculation error. It would
57:24 just be a direct calculation error, of
57:27 >> Meaning, you guys are calculating the
57:28 wrong thing, as they say, right?
57:30 That is why, again, the assumption that
57:33 Ukraine will be exhausted has a certain
57:36 proportional value in the formula.
57:39 There is no need to exaggerate it,
57:42 That's how it is. So, the covenants can
57:46 change, and then the positional deadlock
57:51 will shift into a different form.
57:57 But if we take World War I, there was a
58:00 colossal change in covenants; the
58:03 collapse of Russia should have led to an
58:07 enhanced position for Germany and
58:09 Austria-Hungary, but it led to the
58:15 No, well, Germany made a colossal
58:17 attempt to change the course of the war
58:21 However, this attempt failed.
58:24 The entry of the United States into the
58:26 war simply left no chance whatsoever.
58:30 It's like, you know, throwing a weight
58:32 onto the scales that outweighed all the
58:34 other weights that were lying on both
58:37 sides of the scale.
58:39 That's all there is to it. Bang. After
58:41 that, the scales simply broke. There
58:43 were no scales left. And at the same
58:46 time, it is very interesting that this
58:49 was a war of empires in which everyone
58:53 Even Britain, and, well, France, which
58:56 was a formal winner in the war, was
58:58 simply annihilated.
59:03 >> exhausted itself completely, completely
59:05 >> and it even broke down entirely.
59:06 >> And then this life of the French people
59:09 >> And then the question is, why, where do
59:12 >> right? And Hollandes. That is where from
59:14 >> Well, that is exactly where they come
59:16 from. Where does the current Frenchman
59:19 Because genetically, obviously, that
59:23 part of France which was capable of, so
59:27 to speak, reproducing Frenchmen, was
59:33 >> What remained was the part capable of
59:34 reproducing what is capable.
59:36 >> What is capable. That is all it can do.
59:40 There are anomalies, like de Gaulle and
59:43 a few others, yes, but it is not enough
59:45 to—it is only enough to periodically
59:48 reanimate some, shall we say, historical
59:50 nostalgia, and nothing more.
59:53 They are about to vote now. Do you think
59:55 they will choose Le Pen?
59:58 >> They are already, well,
60:05 >> well, simulator, yes, to avoid using
60:08 obscene language, some
60:11 >> well, I don't know what to call him.
60:16 And, most likely, they will mold him
60:18 into what they want, yes, because
60:20 because the current French society is
60:22 not worthy of anything else, nothing
60:25 He is not even worthy of Le Pen.
60:27 >> After World War I, this society and this
60:30 nation decided that under no
60:32 circumstances would it ever go to war
60:37 >> all the countries that started World War
60:41 I, all of them lost.
60:43 I'm just saying that such a scenario,
60:45 all of you without exception. Well, two
60:47 simply ceased to exist immediately. That
60:50 is, Austria-Hungary and Russia. Yes.
60:54 >> the British Empire. Also
60:56 >> the British Empire began a path of
61:00 The winners were the states that didn't
61:02 start this war and didn't want to
61:05 And they did it at the moment when it
61:07 was simply possible to take everything
61:09 that was left unguarded.
61:11 Finally, the United States entered World
61:14 War I in April of '17, and after that,
61:16 the outcome of the war was decided. The
61:19 Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires did
61:21 not live to see its end. That was the
61:23 broadcast with Dmitry Kulyakov. And what
61:25 do you think, will Europe come to the
61:29 Write in the comments and subscribe.