0:01 During the Cold War, the Soviet Union
0:06 didn't always need armies, weapons, or
0:09 military operations to defeat its
0:12 enemies. Sometimes all it needed was
0:19 A government official, an intelligence
0:22 officer, a secretary working in an
0:28 Hidden among millions of ordinary
0:31 people, Soviet agents infiltrated some
0:34 of the most powerful institutions
0:38 of the Western world.
0:42 They stole military secrets, exposed
0:45 intelligence networks, betrayed
0:48 undercover operatives and passed
0:51 classified information directly to
0:55 Some were motivated by ideology, others
0:59 by money, and a few managed to deceive
1:03 the their employees for decades.
1:07 Today we open the files of 10
1:10 individuals who secretly work for Soviet
1:15 while living inside the Western world
1:23 These are the KGB's men
1:35 George Blake was a British intelligence
1:38 officer who became one of Moscow's most
1:44 Captured during the Korean War in 1950,
1:48 Blake underwent a political
1:50 transformation and agreed to work for
1:53 Soviet intelligence.
1:56 After returning to Britain, he resumed
1:58 his career in MI6 while secretly passing
2:02 information to KGB. Among
2:07 his most damaging disclosures
2:10 was the existence of a secret
2:11 underground tunnel in Berlin
2:15 used by British and American
2:17 intelligence to intercept Soviet
2:20 He also exposed numerous Western agents.
2:27 Blake was arrested and sentenced to 42
2:31 years in prison. But in 1966, he escaped
2:35 from Wormwood Scrubs prison with the
2:38 help of some supporters.
2:41 He eventually reached East Germany and
2:43 then Moscow. Blake lived in Russia until
2:51 remains one of the most extraordinary
2:53 prison breakouts in Cold War history.
3:02 Hines Fel was perhaps one of the most
3:06 ironic Soviet infiltrators of the Cold
3:09 War. After serving in Nazi Germany
3:12 security apparatus during the Second
3:15 World War, he eventually joined West
3:18 Germany's intelligence organization. But
3:22 there was a secret. Fel had already been
3:25 recruited by the Soviet intelligence in
3:30 He gradually climbed the ranks of the
3:33 West German Intelligence Service,
3:35 eventually becoming responsible for
3:38 counterintelligence operations against
3:41 the Soviet Union, the men hunting Soviet
3:45 spy, was secretly reporting to Moscow.
3:50 For years he b classify documents,
3:52 intelligence reports and information
3:56 about western operations
3:59 to the Soviet handlers. His activities
4:02 compromised numerous sources.
4:06 In November 1961, West German
4:09 authorities finally arrested him. He
4:12 received 14 years in prison sentence and
4:17 was released in 1969
4:19 in a prisoner exchange.
4:22 Fel had managed to infiltrate the very
4:25 organization created to defend West
4:27 Germany against Soviet espionage.
4:38 Kim Felby was one of the most successful
4:41 Soviet spy in British history. Recruited
4:45 during his years at Cambridge University
4:48 in the 1930s, he became part of the
4:51 infamous Cambridge 5, a group of British
4:56 officials secretly working for Moscow.
5:00 But Philby achieved something
5:03 He joined MI6 and eventually became head
5:07 of its Soviet counterintelligence
5:11 In other words, he was responsible for
5:14 hunting Soviet spies while secretly
5:18 being one of them himself. He betrayed
5:23 Western agents, compromised intelligence
5:25 operations, and helped expose a Soviet
5:31 who was subsequently captured and
5:35 executed when suspicion finally caught
5:39 up. Philby escaped to Moscow in 1963.
5:44 He lived there until his death in 1988.
5:49 For decades, Britain has trusted a man
5:53 who was secretly working for its
6:04 Melita Norwood. Melita Norwood didn't
6:07 look like a spy. She was a British
6:10 secretary, an ordinary employee working
6:13 in an office connected to sensitive
6:16 nuclear research. But behind her quiet
6:20 professional life was a decadesl long
6:24 relationship with Soviet intelligence.
6:28 Recruited in the 1930s, Norwood secretly
6:31 photographed documents related to
6:34 Britain's atomic weapons program.
6:38 Operating under the code name Hola, she
6:41 passed valuable nuclear information to
6:44 Moscow. Her motivation was ideological.
6:47 She believed the Soviet Union should
6:50 have access to nuclear technology to
6:53 maintain a balance of power
6:58 and remarkably she remained undiscovered
7:00 for decades. Her identity became public
7:03 in 1999 when information from a former
7:07 KGB archist Vasili Mitrokin
7:12 exposed her activities. She was 87 years
7:17 old. Norwood was never prosecuted.
7:21 One of the most important Soviet spies
7:23 in Britain had spent much of her life
7:27 looking like an entirely ordinary office
7:38 John Kros was known as the fifth man of
7:42 the cremebridge 5. He was particularly
7:46 valuable to Soviet intelligence because
7:49 he gained access to some of Britain's
7:52 most sensitive wartime information.
7:56 During the Second World War, Ken Cross
7:59 worked at Bletchley Park, the secret
8:03 British codereing center. The British
8:07 crypton analysts were breaking German
8:10 Enigma communications
8:12 and uncovering military secrets, Krass
8:16 past intelligence to Moscow, including
8:20 information concerning German military
8:24 Some of this material helped the Soviet
8:28 Union understand German intentions
8:31 before the battle of Kars
8:35 Unlike Philby, Kim Cross never became a
8:38 major intelligence chief, but his access
8:42 to wartime secrets made him an extremely
8:45 valuable source. He escaped prosecution
8:49 and was not publicly identified as the
8:52 fifth Cambridge spy until 1990s.
8:57 He died in 1995. His story reveals how a
9:02 single government employee could
9:06 influence the intelligence balance of an
9:17 Aldri Ames was a veteran CIA officer who
9:21 sold American intelligence secrets to
9:23 the Soviet Union. In 1985,
9:28 facing serious financial problems, IMS
9:31 approached the Soviet embassy in
9:33 Washington and offered his services.
9:36 The KGB quickly recognized his value. He
9:40 knew the identities of American sources
9:43 operating inside the Soviet Union and
9:47 had access to highly classified
9:49 intelligence operations. For money, he
9:52 betrayed them. Several American agents
9:55 were arrested and executed after their
9:59 identities were revealed.
10:02 Ames received millions of dollars from
10:04 Soviet intelligence,
10:07 eventually attracting attention through
10:09 his extravagant lifestyle. Investigators
10:13 noticed his expensive
10:16 house and luxury cars, which seemed
10:19 impossible to finance with his
10:21 government salary. In February 1994, the
10:25 FBI arrested him. He received life
10:28 imprisonment without parole. His
10:32 betrayal compromised more than 100
10:35 intelligence operations and contributed
10:38 to the deaths of 10 American
10:40 intelligence assets. AMS didn't see
10:43 didn't simply sell secrets. He sold the
10:47 lives of people who trusted the United
10:54 Robert Henson was an FBI agent who
10:58 secretly worked for the Soviet and later
11:01 Russian intelligence. Beginning in 1979,
11:05 he passed classified information to
11:07 Moscow while continuing his career
11:11 inside FBI. His position gave him access
11:15 to some America's most sensitive
11:18 operations. He revealed undercover
11:21 agents, surveillance techniques, secret
11:24 investigations, and intelligence
11:26 sources. Some of the information he
11:29 supplied helped expose American agents
11:32 operating inside the Soviet Union. For
11:35 more than two decades, Hansen managed to
11:41 He used that drop secret communication
11:44 and carefully arranged meetings to
11:47 exchange information with his handlers.
11:50 In February 2001, the FBI finally
11:53 arrested him while he was leaving
11:55 classified material
11:58 at a secret exchange location in
12:02 He pleaded guilty and received life
12:05 imprisonment without parole. Hansen died
12:11 The agency responsible for catching
12:13 Soviet spies had unknowingly employed
12:18 one of the most damaging spies in
12:26 And Lee Howard was a former CIA officer
12:30 whose betrayal ended with an
12:32 extraordinary escape to Soviet Union.
12:35 Howard had received training for
12:37 intelligence operations
12:40 targeting Moscow. But after losing his
12:43 position at the CIA in 1983, he became
12:46 involved with Soviet intelligence. He
12:49 passed sensitive information to the KGB,
12:52 including details about American
12:54 intelligence operations abroad. When
12:58 investigators began closing in, Howard
13:01 managed to escape FBI surveillance. His
13:05 escape was particularly unusual.
13:08 He used a dummy made from clothing and a
13:13 weak stand to deceive the agent watching
13:16 his home. While investigators believed
13:19 he was still inside,
13:22 Howard already disappeared. In 1985, he
13:26 fled the United States and eventually
13:28 reached the Soviet Union where he
13:31 received political Islam. He remained in
13:35 Russia until his death in 2002.
13:40 Howard spent years learning how American
13:43 intelligence worked and when the
13:46 investigation began, he used that
13:48 knowledge to disappear.
13:54 Harl Nicholson was a senior CIA
14:00 who began spying for Russia in 1994. By
14:04 this time, the Soviet Union had
14:06 collapsed, but its intelligence
14:07 apparatus had been reorganized.
14:10 Nicholson approached Russian
14:12 intelligence and began selling
14:15 classified information. His access
14:19 allowed him to reveal sensitive details
14:22 about CIA personnel,
14:25 intelligence operations, and American
14:28 activities overseas. Investigators
14:32 eventually noticed suspicial financial
14:37 and an unusual travel patterns. The FBI
14:41 began monitoring his movements. In
14:44 November 1996, Nicholson was arrested at
14:47 Duels International Airport while
14:51 returning from an overseas trip. He
14:55 pleaded guilty and received more than 23
14:59 years in prison. But even after his
15:02 arrest, the story continued.
15:05 Yes. Later authorities discovered that
15:08 he had attempted to involve his own son
15:12 in passing information to the Russian
15:16 Nicholson case demonstrated that the
15:18 collapse of Soviet Union had not ended
15:21 the espionage battle
15:24 of the cold war. The names had changed
15:28 but the intelligence war had continued.
15:36 Errol Edin Pittz was an FBI special
15:40 agent who secretly wor for Soviet
15:43 intelligence while investigating for
15:47 spies. In 1987, Pitts approached the KGB
15:51 and offered to provide classified
15:56 He worked in counter intelligence,
15:59 giving Moscow access to sensitive
16:05 investigative methods and information
16:08 about American personnel overseas. He
16:12 continued his espionage activities even
16:15 after being promoted and transferred to
16:18 FBI headquarters in Washington.
16:21 The FBI eventually identified him during
16:25 an investigation into suspected Soviet
16:28 penetration. His arrest happened in an
16:32 extraordinary location.
16:34 On December 18, 1996,
16:37 Bits was teaching at FBI Academy in
16:40 Quantico, Virginia. He was smooned to a
16:45 meeting where FBI agents confronted and
16:49 arrested him. He pleaded guilty to
16:52 espionage and received 27 years in
16:55 prison sentence. The man teaching future
16:58 FBI agents how to identify foreign spies
17:03 had secretly been been working.
17:07 For one, it was an extraordinary
17:10 betrayal discovered inside the very
17:13 institution he was supposed to protect.
17:21 10 spies, 10 betrayals, and countless
17:24 secrets that never should have reached
17:27 Moscow. Some were discovered after years
17:30 of investigation. Others escaped justice
17:34 entirely. Their story remained
17:37 remind us that espionage was never
17:40 simply about stealing documents. It was
17:43 about trust, about knowing who could be
17:46 believed, who could be recruited, and
17:49 who might already be working for another
17:52 side. The Cold War eventually ended, but
17:55 the secrets it left behind are still
18:00 and somewhere inside the forgotten
18:02 chiefs and sealed intelligence files.
18:07 There might still be stories waiting to
18:09 be told. This was Moto Files and some
18:14 stories were buried for a reason.
18:17 We opened the files and we're going to
18:21 see you in the next investigation.
18:24 But by then, I wish you all the best.